Special urban conflict zones: case studies on the dispute and decharacterization of the ZEIS in Salvador, Fortaleza, Recife and Natal

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the processes of decharacterization of areas demarcated as Special Social Interest Zones (ZEIS) in three Northeastern state capitals (Salvador, Fortaleza and Recife), in order to highlight the dispute for territory and the inadequate protection of the right to housing as causes of urban land conflicts. From the analysis of the historical trajectories of these areas, the main actors involved in the process of decharacterization and the strategies used to distort their social function were identified. The ZEIS are areas destined to meet the housing demands of low-income and vulnerable social groups, seeking to ensure access to decent housing and the right to the city. However, these areas are subject to pressures and disputes by different actors involved in the urbanization process, such as the real estate market, the government, and local communities. The results indicate that the dispute for territory and the inadequate protection of the right to housing are factors that contribute to the decharacterization of the ZEIS, since the lack of effective public policies and adequate urban control instruments favors the action of private actors who disrespect the social function of property and the right to the city.